The UN Environment’s Single-Use Plastics: A Roadmap for Sustainability report shows that governments are taking actions and using bans and levies to address plastic pollution. This report provides various recommendations by looking at more than 60 case studies. It identifies the escalating problem, i.e. the difficulty to recycle the created tones of plastic. The Ellen MacArthur Foundation also highlights that without mitigation measures, plastic will outweigh all marine life by mid-century.   Cigarette butts, food wrappers, caps, plastic bottles, grocery bags and lids are named in the report as the main single-use plastics in the environment. Bags among these are particularly problematic. Plastic bag bans are regarded by this report as one of the most effective measures to address the problem. A new law in the EU requires member states to reduce the consumption of bags per person by the end of 2019. The UN Environment chief suggests that the way to do with the plastic is the problem rather plastic, and ‘mass awareness’ about alternatives is necessary.  At present, more than 60 countries have introduced bans and levies to tackle single-use plastics, but the report admitted that robust conclusions on the environmental impact of these measures can not be drawn at this early stage. This could be attributed to the problem of data gathering. Some of those countries have just started and some of them do not collect information. On the EU side, there were rumours that a tax on plastics might be considered but it fell by the wayside.  Based on current available data, the UN report provides 10 steps to tackle plastic pollution, which are as follows: sharing best practices, engaging consumers and industry more effectively, promoting alternatives, monitoring measures and using revenues from levies to help the transition. Moreover, this report also suggests economic incentives to promote environmentally-friendly alternatives. It includes tax rebate, R&D funding and the reduction or elimination of taxes. However, it was argued that the extended producer responsibility schemes (EPRs) are necessary since current incentives are not working. Owing to differences between global regions, to address the plastic problem, a single solution is not enough.