This chapter deals with the concept of hierarchical governance which assumes a static ontology. According to it, the One and individuals exist within a natural hierarchical order. The One is represented through metaphors that emphasize the group or the whole. within that whole, noun-based, analytical languages describe the arrangement of objects, giving them a permanent position in relation to one another. More specifically, binaries infer value judgments through which differences are evaluated. These assumptions can be easily linked to traditional forms of political monism, as well as classical conservative liberalism. Under an economic perspective, these assumptions lead to a paternalistic welfare state hierarchically administered. In Hierarchical Governance the singular, transcendental source of existence creates differentiated and related parts that exist in mechanistic complement as a separate whole. Indeed, the machine-like precision that pervades the natural world from this perspective is given as proof that such a transcendental and purposeful source of existence must exist a teleological argument sometimes referred to as the watchmaker theory of God, in which universal order is by purposeful design. As a consequence, administrators are expected to follow the rule of law as consistently and when rules are not written, they must follow the mandates of political leaders. They view citizens as subjects classified into different legal categories Among the conclusions of the authors, it is made clear that in a Hierarchical Governance approach, a centralized governmental agency may use incentives to influence citizens in order to voluntarily cooperate with administrative experts to plan and manage their production. However, what needs to be highlighted is that this approach can just as easily use regulatory enforcement to demand specific management procedures and environmental protection as well as disincentives.
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